ARCHIVES
VOL. 11, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Micellar enhanced removal of ground water hardness by pseudoactivated carbon (PAC) prepared from wheat husk
Authors
Dr. Rekha Suman
Abstract
The batch tests were conducted using four groundwater samples which
showed high levels of total hardness such as 600, 800, 1088 and 1278. mg/l as
CaCO₃, so water is not suitable for several industries. The present work aimed
to evaluate the feasibility of using powdered pseudoactivated carbon (PAC)
prepared from wheat husk for the removal of water hardness and also to study of
impact of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles on the removal. The ability of
0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g/l PAC to soften a ground water was investigated
by shaking 50 l ml hard water with PAC at pH 5.0 and 25°C for 180 minutes. The
effect of SDS was studied by running parallel tests with 10 ml of 3 g/l SDS
solution. Equilibrium was attained within 120 min with PAC and 75 min with PAC
+ SDS. The maximum removal was found 27.8 % with 5 g/l PAC at pH 5, 250c for
600 mg/l hardness. With PAC + SDS the removal was enhanced to 81.1 % with 10 ml
of 3 g/l SDS and 5 g/l of PAC for the same.
Download
Pages:1-4
How to cite this article:
Dr. Rekha Suman "Micellar enhanced removal of ground water hardness by pseudoactivated carbon (PAC) prepared from wheat husk". International Journal of Advanced Science and Research, Vol 11, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-4
Download Author Certificate
Please enter the email address corresponding to this article submission to download your certificate.