Palmprints have received significant recognition and gain attention. However, Three-Dimensional palmprints can provide more explorations, especially in the case of identification. In this paper, we propose Improved Three-Patch Local Binary Pattern approach as a feature extraction. It exploits the state-of-the-art method of Artificial Rabbits Optimization. The Artificial Rabbits Optimization produces and helps in investigating the parameters of Three-Patch Local Binary Pattern. Therefore, it allows obtaining the improved approach with high performance. The database of Hong Kong Polytechnic University Contact-free 3D/2D (PolyU3D2D) has been employed in this study. The results show interesting and promising outcomes. The final accuracy of 92.37% is successfully achieved.